Routes and Risks of Exposure to Hazardous Drugs

Nurses in hospitals were used to perform drugHazardous Drugs are also exposed during the
preparation activities in medication rooms onstorage and transport processes. Damaged drug
nursing units. The main route of exposure topackages, when received by the hospitals produce
Hazardous Drugs was thought to be inhalation ofthe risk of contaminating the environment.
drug aerosols generated during preparation. ToEmployees must be trained to process damaged
reduce this risk, healthcare centers publishedpackages as well.
guidelines stating that cytotoxic drug preparationThe lack of standardization results in a high
must be performed in a biological safety cabinetprevalence of potential occupational exposure to
(BSC) in a designated area, usually a pharmacy.hazardous agents. In a survey, it was found that
But the recent studies showed that Hazardous40% of hospital pharmacists reported a skin
Drugs may be exposed through other meansexposure to these drugs at least once a month,
such as dermal absorption, ingestion and injection.and only 28% had medical surveillance programs
The medical staffs, who administerin their workplaces. Such findings emphasize
chemotherapy, are under the risk of exposure tocurrent lack of protection for all personnel who
cytotoxic agents which causes variousrisk potential exposure to these drugs.
reproductive disorders. Body fluids of patientsThe above details indicated that health care
receiving these drugs are the potential source ofworkers are prone to the harmful effects of
hazard exposure.hazardous substances. But, the health and safety
Personal protective equipments such as gloves,of workers who handle these drugs should be
gowns, masks etc., used in the preparation andgiven high priority. There are challenges in
administration of drugs present a hazard toimplementing a comprehensive program for the
support and housekeeping staff. The usedprotection of workers. But, the barriers related to
syringes and vials produce harmful effects on theadministrative issues, such as cost or staffing and
staffs. Spills can also represent a hazard;lack of concern of potential health effects
employees are therefore required to be familiarassociated with occupational exposure are needed
with appropriate spill procedures.to be overcome.