| American workers in the United States are | | | | Section 201 states. "Environmentally preferable" |
| provided thesafest working conditions. In spite of | | | | means products or servicesthat have a lesser or |
| the stress and tedioustypes of work performed, | | | | reduced effect on human health and the |
| the government works tireless toinsure that the | | | | environment whencompared with competing |
| place you work is free from dangerous elements | | | | products or services that serve the same |
| thatthreaten you health as well as your life. | | | | purpose. |
| The government has not always been as | | | | This comparison may consider raw materials |
| benevolent to the workingclass. but as society | | | | acquisition, production, manufacturing,packaging, |
| evolved, so did the concern for human beingswho | | | | distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance, or |
| was often injured or disabled in work related | | | | disposal of the product orservice. |
| accidents. | | | | In addition, a series of requirements are placed on |
| To provide guidelines and regulations to protect | | | | employers to provide protection,training, |
| the safety of workers, | | | | information, and monitoring of employees |
| OSHA was established. | | | | potentially exposed to hazardous substances. |
| The regulations that govern workplace safety are | | | | Two other standards are of relevance to the |
| under the auspicesof The U.S Department of | | | | chemical industry: |
| Labor and enforced by federal law and OSHA. | | | | The process safety management (PSM) standard |
| OSHA was established as the result of The | | | | (29 CFR 1910.119) is designed to prevent |
| Occupational Safety and Health | | | | orminimize the consequences of catastrophic |
| (OSHA) Act in 1970 and amended in 1990. The | | | | releases of toxic, reactive,flammable and |
| overall goal of the Act is toinsure that employees | | | | explosive chemicals. |
| do not suffer harm from occupational exposure. | | | | The PSM rule requires employers subject to the |
| The Occupational Safety and Health Administration | | | | rule to have an emergency action planwhich |
| (OSHA), has several keyresponsibilities including: | | | | specifies the procedures for reporting fires and |
| - Developing and issuing occupational safety and | | | | emergencies. |
| health standards and regulations | | | | The rule covers, among other things, emergency |
| - Conducting investigations and inspections to | | | | response operations for releases orthreat of |
| determine the status of compliance | | | | releases. Covered employers must develop an |
| - Issuing citations and proposes penalties for | | | | emergency response plan whichincludes |
| noncompliance with the regulations | | | | emergency alerting and response procedures. |
| - Performing public education and consultation | | | | In addition to OSHA's specific standards, section |
| The enforcement of the OSHA's safety and | | | | 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act also containsan |
| health standards is implemented byindividual state | | | | enforceable general duty clause, which covers |
| agencies. But this act applies to virtually all | | | | situations for which no standard exists. |
| privateemployers in the United States. If the | | | | The clause requires employers to provide a place |
| employer has more than 10 employees, | | | | of employment, which is free from |
| The statutes of the OSHA laws bind them. | | | | recognizedhazards that are causing or are likely to |
| Federal and state employees however, are | | | | cause death or serious physical harm to |
| exempt from direct coverage. | | | | employees. |
| OSHA's attention focuses on environmental | | | | It is important that both employers and |
| contamination in the workplace. | | | | employees understand the scope and purpose of |
| The standard for toxic and hazardous substances | | | | OSHAstatues. By being informed, the workplace |
| is specifically outlinedin OSHA. The exposure limits | | | | becomes safer for the employer, employee and |
| are provided in terms of 8-hour averages aswell | | | | thecommunity at large. |
| as 15-minute short-term exposures. | | | | |