Combustible Materials and Fire Retardents

All fabrics will burn but some are moreShould a fire strike, the chemicals react with
combustible than others. Untreated natural fiberscombustible gases and tars normally generated by
such as cotton, linen and silk burn more readilythe material. The tars are converted to carbon
than wool, which is more difficult to ignite andchar which forms on the surface, slowing the
burns with a low flame velocity.burning rate . The combustible gases are rendered
The weight and weave of the fabric will affectnonflammable for the most part due to dilution
how easily the material will ignite and burn.with harmless carbon dioxide and water vapor
Recommended fabrics are materials with a tightreleased in the reaction. This happens
weave. Heavy, tight weave fabrics will burn moreautomatically, driven by the heat of the fire, and
slowly than loose weave, light fabrics of the samerequires no coating maintenance, batteries, or
material. The surface texture of the fabric alsoplumbing; it is true passive protection.
affects flammability. Fabrics with long, loose, fluffyAccording to the NFPA's National Fire Safety
pile or "brushed" nap will ignite more readily thanSurvey findings: Although the U.S. has a higher fire
fabrics with a hard, tight surface, and in somedeath rate than Canada, Western Europe and the
cases will result in flames flashing across the fabricPacific Rim, the majority of Americans are very
surface.confident about their fire safety. Older adults
Most synthetic fabrics, such as nylon, acrylic orexpress the greatest confidence even though
polyester resist ignition. However, once ignited, thethey have the greatest risk of fire death. Men are
fabrics melt. This hot, sticky, melted substancemore confident about fire safety than women;
causes localized and extremely severe burns.although, of the two groups, men are at a higher
When natural and synthetic fibers are blended, therisk of fire death. The majority of Americans feel
hazard may increase because the combination ofsafest from fire in their homes, when in truth,
high rate of burning and fabric melting usually willhome fires account for roughly 80% of all fires -
result in serious burns. In some cases, the hazardand they pose the greatest threat to life.
may be greater than that of either fabricThe cost of operating public fire prevention
individually.services in the U.S. costs the taxpayers billions of
Curtains, draperies and other articles in the homedollars per year, most of which is spent on
can have their burning rates reduced with flamesuppression of fire. Many people have the attitude
retardants applied through chemical treatment.that "fire only happens to other people." But until
Such flame-retardant treatment afterfire strikes their home and family, fire prevention
manufacturing is not recommended for clothing.is ignored. Once fire prevention week comes and
In terms of flammability, silk may be the worstgoes each October, little thought is given to fire
with a high burning rate, which may be increasedsafety and prevention until next year's campaign.
by the dyes and other additives to provide color.Fire suppression is a necessary and vitally
Cotton and linen also have a high burning rate butimportant service. It is, however, "after-the-fact".
this can be alleviated by the application ofThis includes smoke detectors, alarms, sprinklers
flame-retardant chemical additives.and extinguishers. The use of fire retardants or
Acetate and triacetate are as flammable orfirestops is logical "before-the-fact" steps that
slightly less flammable than cotton. However, theyshould be taken. Fire spreads 1100% in the first 4
can be made flame-retardant with chemicalminutes. Heat rises at 90 feet per second or
treatment.approximately 60 mph.
Nylon, polyester and acrylic tend to be slow toApproximately 90% of fire fatalities are in the
ignite but once ignited, severe melting and drippinghome and 90% of the fatalities occur during the
occurs.sleeping hours 10pm to 6am. Remember, smoke
Wool is comparatively flame-retardant. If ignited, italarms and sprinklers cannot prevent the fire, but
usually has a low burning rate and mayfire retardants in most cases can prevent and/or
self-extinguish.slow the spread of fire, which can greatly prevent
Glass fibers and moacrylic are almostlose of life and property in addition to using
flame-resistant. These synthetic fibers aresmoke alarms or sprinklers. By applying fire
designed and manufactured to possessretardants to your curtains, furniture, carpeting,
flame-retardant properties.etc., is very easy and is an added safety
What is a Fire Retardantprecaution for smokers and small children in the
People unfamiliar with fire retardants are surprisedhome. Your home and family deserve the best
to hear that wood or fabric can qualify as afire protection possible, so why not invest in it.
non-combustible material to a certain degree.